AnSci Connection
The newsletter of the Department of Animal Science

November 2008

Notes from the Department Head  |  News & Announcements  |  Graduate Student Profile  |  Congratulations
Recent Grants  |  Calendar of Events  |  Animal Science Seminars  |  External Employment Opportunities

As snow falls on this early November morning, many of us instinctively think of the upcoming holiday season starting with Thanksgiving. The turkey, which holds center stage on our Thanksgiving holiday, has been an important piece of American history. Most notable is Benjamin Franklin’s displeasure in having the bald eagle chosen as the symbol of our country rather than the turkey. Mr. Franklin considered the bald eagle to be a bird of bad moral character and stated in a letter to his daughter, “For the Truth the Turkey is in Comparison a much more respectable Bird, and withal a true original Native of America... He is besides, though a little vain and silly, a Bird of Courage, and would not hesitate to attack a Grenadier of the British Guards who should presume to invade his Farm Yard with a red Coat.”

While not gaining fame as a national symbol, the turkey has earned national recognition for its economic importance and wholesome, high-quality and nutritious products. The U.S. turkey industry is now an $8 billion dollar a year industry. Turkey production in the U.S. has more than tripled since 1970 to meet consumer demands for turkey products, which are now enjoyed the full year and not just on special holidays.

Minnesota is ranked number 1 in turkey production in the U.S. In 2007, Minnesota’s turkey farmers raised approximately 48 million birds, bringing more than $600 million in income for producers, processors and other related industries. Minnesota has approximately 250 turkey producers who operate 600 turkey farms. Thanks to these productive and efficient Minnesota turkey producers, the rest of the U.S. and many countries around the world enjoy turkey products as about 90 percent of turkey products processed in the state are exported out of Minnesota. Of that 90 percent, approximately 15 percent are exported to international markets. The top five export markets for U.S. turkey meat in 2005 were Mexico, China, Canada, Russia and Taiwan.

As the nation’s largest producer and processor of turkey, Minnesota is home to four turkey processing companies with a total of eight processing plants around the state. The world’s largest turkey processor (Jennie-O Turkey Store) and the largest turkey breeder and hatchery operation (Willmar Poultry Company) in the nation are both located in Minnesota. Jennie-O Turkey Store handles approximately 1.265 billion pounds of turkey annually (2005) and is a subsidiary of Hormel Foods Corp. Its Minnesota plants employ about 5,300 workers, producing annual sales of $750 million and total economic activity of more than $2 billion.

The Department of Animal Science plays a key role in supporting the Minnesota turkey industry. Three award-winning faculty members in the Department contribute to the success of the turkey industry through research and extension education programs. Dr. Sally Noll, poultry extension and researcher, provides the turkey industry with science-based, practical solutions in nutrition and turkey production. Dr. Noll conducts research in the areas of amino acid nutrition and use of alternative ingredients, such as distillers grains, to optimize bird growth and economic return. Dr. Noll was recently awarded the National Turkey Federation 2008 Research Award recognizing her as one of the key primary turkey nutrition and management experts in North America. Dr. Mohamed El Halawani is an internationally recognized leader in avian endocrinology research. His research addresses reproductive problems in turkey hens and has provided valuable information on hormone actions and solutions to optimize reproduction in turkeys. Dr. Doug Foster is an award-winning teacher and conducts research in the area of immortalization of avian cells for vaccine substrates providing basic information on the life cycle events of cells and factors that affect life cycles. His research has had a major impact in the area of avian metapneumovirus. 

Research findings from our programs have been economically important to the turkey industry and have provided basic information enhancing knowledge in growth and reproductive biology of birds. Availability of quality turkey and chicken research facilities has played an important part of Minnesota’s national and international recognition as a leader in poultry production and disease research over the years. Current facilities are located on the St. Paul Campus and at UMore Park, Rosemount. Facilities in St. Paul are used for short-term, small scale research studies requiring intensive management of a small number of birds. Facilities at UMore Park are utilized for long-term, large-scale research (non-infectious) in the production of commercial and breeder turkeys. We are currently in the initial phases of planning and design for updating our St. Paul facilities and replacing the facilities at UMore Park. The turkey industry has changed over the last 40 years and so must we. Modernized research facilities are needed for us to be relevant and meet the future research needs of a highly successful industry that is leading the way to providing the world with a high quality, nutritious protein source.  

As you sit down to enjoy the Thanksgiving turkey, be thankful you live in a state that is blessed with many agriculture resources and one being Ben Franklin’s “Bird of Courage”.

Happy Thanksgiving to All!
  

Welcome Reception for New Faculty

The Department of Animal Science welcomed four of our newest faculty at a reception on November 12. Department Head Jim Linn gave a brief welcome speech and invited each to share a little about themselves. Light refreshments, meat and cheese, and cake were served at the reception, which was well attended.

Introducing... Chi, Ryan, Noah, and Krishona.

Chi Chen, Assistant Professor, has a joint appointment in the Departments of Animal Science (30%) and Food Science and Nutrition (70%). He is a metabolomics researcher who is investigating the mechanisms of diseases and metabolic events associated with food, nutrients and xenobiotics. Chi received the 2008 National Institutes of Health Fellows Award for Research Excellence, and in 2007 won the Post Doctoral Scientist Award in Drug Metabolism (1st place) from the American Society of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

Ryan Cox, Assistant Professor, is a researcher and extension meat scientist focusing on value-added animal product processing and safety. He earned his PhD in animal and food sciences from the University of Kentucky, and his MS and BS degrees in meat science and muscle biology from Auburn University. Ryan is a member of the American Meat Science Association (AMSA), the AMSA Intercollegiate Meats Judging Coaches Association, and the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT). He also served on the IFT Product Development Team at Kentucky, as President of the Auburn University Meat Science Association, as the Eastern Region Director on the Student Board of the AMSA, and Coach of the Auburn University Meat Judging Team.

Noah Litherland, Assistant Professor, will focus his research on exploring nutritional strategies to improve the health and productivity of transition dairy cows and discovering new economical feedstuffs and feeding methods to improve dairy efficiency. Noah’s extension work will involve strategies to help producers cope with increasing feed prices. Noah earned his PhD, MS and BS degrees at University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, and was employed by Oklahoma State University as a dairy extension specialist and livestock nutritionist before coming to the U of M.

Krishona Martinson, Assistant Professor and equine extension specialist, directs her research on equine forage utilization as it relates to the health, nutrition and well-being of the horse while focusing on the environmental benefits of sustainable and novel pasture and hay production. Her extension focus is adult horse owner education with the goal of providing research-based information to Minnesota horse owners. Krishona has been with U of M Extension since 2001 and a regional extension educator for the past four years. She holds a BS in agronomy from the University of Wisconsin-River Falls, and a MS and PhD in agronomy/weed science from the U of M.
  

WinterFest is December 18!

Please join us for WinterFest, the annual holiday celebration for faculty, students, staff, retirees, and friends of the Department of Animal Science. Plan on getting together for a potluck in Room 365 Haecker Hall at 11:30 a.m. on December 18.

The Department will provide meat, prepared by the Meat Lab, and beverages. We invite faculty to bring deserts; staff, salads or appetizers; graduate students, hot or cold vegetables. Everyone is invited to bring a donation for a local food shelf.

Questions regarding this event may be directed to Kim Reno (612-624-3491).

Hope to see you all there on Thursday, December 18.
    

Open Q&A Forum with Jackie Lee

You are invited to an open Q & A forum with Jackie Lee regarding the topics below and others you may have related to your U financial world. The forum will take place on Tuesday, December 16, 10:00 a.m. in 365 Haecker Hall

• Enterprise Financial System
• AES Funding Grants
• Allocated vs Unallocated funds
• Restricted vs Unrestricted funds
• Allowable vs Unallowable uses of funds

Animal Science Inventors Honored

At an awards ceremony at the McNamara Alumni Center on September 17, the University honored inventors who have had a patent issued and/or a license signed between the 2005-2008 fiscal years. These patents/licenses represent many years of research, hard work and dedication by several individuals.  

The University’s techno commercialization efforts have consistently demonstrated the ability to transform University discoveries into commercial products for the benefit of the public, the University and the economy.

Both President Robert Bruininks and Vice President for Research Tim Mulcahy congratulated and thanked the 225 honorees for their dedication and perseverance in discovering innovative ways to address the critical needs and problems facing our world.

Members of the Department of Animal Science who received recognition at the ceremony were:

• Mohamed El Halawani
  Patent Titles: Myostatin Immunoconjugate; Method to Enhance Reproductive Performance in Poultry

• Scott Fahrenkrug
  Patent Title: Nucleic Acid Transfer Vector for the Introduction of Nucleic Acid into the DNA of a Cell

• Doug Foster
  License: Immortalized Cell Lines for Virus Growth

• Linda Foster
  License: Immortalized Cell Lines for Virus Growth 

Congratulations!
     

Animal Science Students Attend AFA Leaders Conference

The Agriculture Future of America (AFA) Conference was held November 6-9 at the Hyatt Hotel in Kansas City, MO. AFA is a non-profit organization nationally recognized for its excellence in leader and career development training for the best and brightest college men and women and young professionals in the agriculture industry.

The conference is a tri-track program that offers three different personal and professional development opportunities matched to students' years in college. Track sessions also include round table discussions with many influential agriculture industry leaders who students may otherwise never meet. The conference also has a large opportunity fair with many different organizations that offer internships and full-time positions in various agricultural areas.

Students who want to attend AFA are chosen based on various criteria and are sponsored by various businesses. This year, CFANS sponsored six students and over 20 from the U of M attended. Of the 20, seven students were from Animal Science: Brett Boyum, Amanda Eberle, Jessie Ingvalson, Casey Rabbe, Brenda Reiter, Charlie Schiller, and Laura Weisz. The Gopher Dairy Club sponsored Charlie Schiller, an Animal Science Junior. 

To learn more about the conference, visit the AFA website.
  

Visiting Scholar from Uruguay

Virginia Artegoitia is a MS student from Uruguay who began working with Dr. Brian Crooker and his dairy molecular genetics group in October. Virginia received her undergraduate degree in Veterinary Science in Uruguay  She participated in several dairy research studies focused on milk quality and animal welfare during the 5 years she worked at the Experimental Dairy Farm at the University of Uruguay. The focus of her MS thesis is to determine alterations in fatty acid and casein fractions in milk from cows managed under grazing conditions. 

Virginia was trained in molecular techniques while she worked with one of our former graduates, Dr. Mariana Carriquiry.  During her 6-month visit here, Virginia will conduct gene expression analyses using RNA she isolates from hepatic, mammary, and adipose tissue collected from select and control line cows. 

Virginia expects to spend considerable time in the lab but looks forward to enjoying new experiences in Minnesota. She had never seen snow until this past week and tells us she is excited to have the opportunity to learn to ski and looks forward to her first white Christmas.
  

Poultry Program News

Recent Visiting Scholar to the Department
Mr. Mahmoud Farahat, a visiting scholar from the Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition Department, Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt, arrived at the U of M in mid-July and immersed himself in all things poultry. He left in early October after completing a research trial on the use of high protein distillers grains in turkey poult diets. We hope to see him back soon!

Photo at right: Mahmoud Farahat is shown (front, center) with the Turkey Research Unit crew at UMore Park after helping weigh turkeys on his last day here.

Brazilian Delegation Tour
A group from Brazil visited in early September as part of a tour to learn about generating energy from poultry waste materials. They toured the Media Barn at UMore Park to see how waste was produced (i.e. via turkey production) and then toured the FibroMinn plant in Benson, MN to see how the plant converts turkey litter into electricity. The delegation consisted of company representatives and consultants from environment and energy fields.

Vet Technicians Tour
Veterinary technician students toured the Media Barn on October 31. After first learning about poultry production, they got to see how turkeys are being raised at UMore Park.

Photo at right: Instructor Dr. Stephanie Collins with a few of her students.

Turkey Research Review Meeting
In September, faculty and staff from the U of M presented their most recent research to those in the turkey industry. The meeting was held in Willmar, MN, and sponsored by the Minnesota Turkey Growers Association. The presenters were D. Foster, S. Goyal, N. Jindal, S. Kang, J. Moncrief, S. Noll, and D. Pataynak.

Topics covered were the use of glycerin in turkey diets, avian pneumovirus vaccine development, thermal conditioning of breeder hen candidates, environmental impact of turkey litter, and findings of poult enteritis studies. After the morning session, discussions were held about future research needs for Minnesota’s turkey industry. 

NE 1022 Research Project
The multistate research project committee on “Poultry Production Systems: Optimization of Production and Welfare Using Physiological, Behavioral and Physical Assessments” met in mid-October in Atlanta, GA. Representatives from the following universities were present: Connecticut, UC-Davis, Georgia, Illinois, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nebraska, and Purdue.

Dr. Sally Noll was the representative for the U of M. Research reports were presented in the areas of nutrition, poultry behavior and welfare, and emissions. The next step for the group is to prepare to submit a new multistate project for approval.

Poultry Science Association
Although this news is belated, the Poultry Science Association (PSA) had a very successful celebration of their centennial year. The meeting was held in Niagara Falls (Canada), which was near the location of the first meeting held in 1908 at Cornell University. As a part of the celebration, many universities presented posters representing the history of poultry science at their respective institutions. Check out the U of M poster on-line.

News about the 2008 PSA meeting and the upcoming 2009 meeting (July 20-23) can be found on the PSA website.

Tour of Turkey Research Facilities in Germany
In preparation for the replacement of the current turkey research facilities at UMore Park, a group of industry representatives (Steve Olson, MTGA; Rahn Annis, Jennie-O Turkey Store; Peter Gruhl, Hybrid Turkeys; and Kim Gorans, turkey grower) and Dr. Sally Noll from the U of M traveled to Germany to view two research facilities (Heidemark and Kartzfehn) that are relatively new and utilize a high level of technology.

The group also visited the Big Dutchman Company to learn about new equipment and technology developments. The delegation also had the opportunity to visit with a few German turkey growers and processors, and learned that they have a lot in common with producers here when talking “turkey”!

Turkey Media Day is November 19
This annual event, organized by the Minnesota Turkey Growers Association and the U of M, will be held November 19 at UMore Park in Rosemount, MN. The centerpiece of the event is the flock of turkey toms, which are being raised at the Turkey Research Unit.

The MTGA and allied industry donate many of the inputs (poults, feed, etc.) so that flock can be marketed with product donated to food shelves for Thanksgiving. A small program will be held at 1:00 p.m. followed by tours of the barn and a chance to visit with U of M researchers and industry representatives.

For more information about Turkey Media Day, please contact Dr. Sally Noll (612-624-4928).

Upcoming Cellulitis Meeting
The Minnesota Turkey Research and Promotion Council has organized a Gold Medal Panel Discussion on cellulitis in turkeys. The meeting will be held December 16-17 at the Park Plaza Hotel in Bloomington, MN.

Additional information is detailed in the program brochure.
  

Ryan Cox Off to Great Start

Kudos to Dr. Ryan Cox who will be participating in a new research project led by Drs. Devi Patnayak and Sagar Goyal. The National Pork Board accepted the proposal and awarded $61,954 in funding for the project entitled, “Survival of porcine reproductive and respiratory virus and porcine circovirus on various pork products”.

Ryan is a major collaborator on this project with a majority of the work being conducted in the Meat Lab under his supervision.
      

Cash Cow Commercial On-line

Research on dairy cow comfort, being conducted by Dr. Marcia Endres and her students, was a recent ‘Featured Discovery’ on the U of M's Driven to Discover website. The site features a brief article on the research results, related articles about cow comfort and dairy modernization, multiple video interviews, and the featured television commercial.

Check out our celebrity's Cash Cow commercial: “Can a comfortable cow improve our economy?”
  

Apply by January 23 for NCGA Scholarship

The National Corn Growers Association (NCGA) offers $1000 scholarships through their Academic Excellence in Agriculture Scholarship Program. Members and family members of the NCGA who are students at the sophomore level or greater are eligible to apply. The application deadline is January 23, 2009.

For additional details, visit the NCGA website.
  

I-29 Dairy Conference - Going Green in a Black & White World

"Going Green in a Black & White World: Understanding Sustainability and the Opportunities for Our Dairy Farms and Industry" is the theme of the 4th Annual I-29 Dairy Conference to be held January 29, 2009. The program will focus on the economic and scientific issues and public perception associated with going 'green'.

Charlie Arnot, CEO of the Center for Food Integrity, kicks off the program. His presentation will cover balancing ethics, science and economics while building sustainable farming systems and maintaining profitability.

Rick Naczi, CEO of the American Dairy Association and Dairy Council, Inc., will speak over the lunch hour. He will explain how the industry-wide effort to create consumer value is improving the economic, environmental and social aspects of milk.

The morning program also includes a panel discussion with Jason Brockshus, a producer from Ocheyedan, IA; Dennis Haubenschild of Haubenschild Farms in Princeton, MN; and Dennis Johnson from the West Central Research and Outreach Center at the U of M-Morris. The panel's topic is "What we're already doing, and what we need to do as dairy producers".

Three breakout sessions will be held in the afternoon. Attendees will have the opportunity to rotate to all three 30-minute sessions.

Breakout session 1 with speakers Jim Paulson and Jim Salfer, U of M Extension, will focus on the profitability side of sustainability with emphasis on feed efficiency, income over feed costs, net margins needed to survive, and other things to think about in 2009.

In breakout session 2, Alvaro Garcia of SDSU Extension will address overall practices that can potentially save money on the farm without hurting animal health and/or production.

The speaker for breakout session 3 is Donna Moenning of Industry Image and Relations at Midwest Dairy Association. Donna will present practical ways to build relationships with neighbors and community to enhance the farm's image and to improve public perception of the dairy industry.

The I-29 Dairy Conference will take place at the Best Western Ramkota Inn, Sioux Falls, SD. Registration is $20 per person and includes lunch. Pre-register by January 23, 2009 to be eligible for door prizes! Make checks or money orders payable to 'SDSU Dairy Science Dept' and send with your name, address, phone number, and email to:

Valerie Denison
SDSU Dairy Science
Box 2104 Dairy Microbiology Bldg
Brookings, SD 57007

For more information, contact Chris Mondak, Iowa State University Extension (712-737-4230).
  

Photo Display Board Being Updated

Thank you to everyone who took the time to have their photograph taken by Ahnna Olson! Ahnna has been working to update the display board that hangs in the entrance on the main floor of Haecker Hall. Many of the new photos have already been posted on the display board, and more photos will be added soon!

To Animal Science faculty, staff and graduate students... If you haven't had your photograph taken recently, please contact Ahnna (612-624-9786) to schedule an appointment.
  

New Website: Ag Job Network

Looking for a job or want to network with other individuals interested in the agricultural industries? Ag Job Network is an interconnected energetic community of people who support each other by informing the network about employment opportunities and providing recommendations about great trends in the agricultural workforce. This website is a great resource for students looking for job opportunities and for professionals looking to hire.

Check out the new Ag Job Network website.
   

Our Condolences

Our deepest sympathies go out to Bill Hansen and family on the recent loss of their father. W. Ray Hansen passed away on Monday, October 27. Funeral services were held in Luverne, MN on October 30.
     

Jenna Pomerenke

Jenna Pomerenke is originally from Okabena, Minnesota, which is located in the southwest part of the state. She grew up on a small farm where her family raised pigs, corn, and soybeans.

Last spring, Jenna completed her undergraduate degree in Animal Science. This fall, she is a returning graduate student focusing on obtaining her Masters degree in Swine Nutrition under the advisement of Dr. Jerry Shurson. Her research project is entitled: The assessment of the effects of diets containing DDGS with supplemental tallow on fat digestibility, growth performance, carcass and fat quality in growing-finishing pigs. Jenna believes this research could be of great benefit to the pork industry in numerous ways. She is very enthusiastic to begin her research.

In her spare time, Jenna enjoys visiting her home farm, playing with her dog (which, unfortunately, is located at home), gardening indoors, playing cards, traveling, and spending quality time with her family and friends.
  

Dana Souther received the U of M Alumni Association Staff Volunteer of the Year Award at the Alumni Awards Celebration on October 29. Dana was recognized for her efforts in a CFANS workgroup that created a vision for alumni relations in the College, leading to the DFANS Departmental Council on Alumni Relations.  

Mike White, Bill Dayton and Marcia Hathaway are the principle investigators and Kyle Rozeboom is collaborating on a project funded by a USDA/NRI Competitive Grant. The project, entitled “Defining the cellular mechanisms of steroid-enhanced muscle growth in steers”, was ranked in the top 6% of all proposals submitted in the Animal Growth and Nutrient Utilization Program this year and was rated "Outstanding”.   
  

- no new grants to report this month -
 

- November 2008 -

1 - Minnesota Goat Breeders Conference, St. Paul, MN. Contact: Laura Kieser, 952-492-5410.

13-14 - 7th International Bird Flu Summit, Monte Carlo Resort and Casino, 3770 Las Vegas Blvd., South Las Vegas, NV. Contact: New-Fields Exhibitions, Inc., 202-536-5000.

17-18 - Agricultural Workforce Management Conference, Days Inn, Brookings, SD. Sponsored by SDSU. Contact: Tracey Renelt, 605-854-3851.

19 - Turkey Media Day, UMore Park, Rosemount, MN. Contact: Sally Noll (612-624-4928).

22 - Fall Regional Horse Owner Program (9:00 a.m.-12:30 p.m.), Cambridge-Isanti High School, Cambridge, MN. Contact: Krishona Martinson, 612-625-6776.

27-28 - Thanksgiving Holiday - U of M-Twin Cities is closed
 

- December 2008 -

4 - Fall Forage Day (noon-3:00 p.m.), Jordan, MN. Contact: Laura Kieser, 952-492-5410.

4-5 - Artificial Insemination Training Course, Southern ROC, Waseca, MN. Contact: Mark Whitney, 507-389-5541.

5-7 - Minnesota State Cattlemen's Convention, Craguns Resort, Brainerd, MN.

9 - Dairy Calf and Heifer 2008 Profit Seminar, MidWay Hotel, 1835 Rose Street, LaCrosse, WI. Contact: DCHA, 636-449-5077.

9 - Minnesota Cattle Feeder Day (9:30-2:00 p.m.), Morris, MN. For more information, visit the Beef Team website.

9 - Minnesota Cattle Feeder Day (5:30-9:00 p.m.), Luverne, MN. For more information, visit the Beef Team website.

9-10 - Midwest Dairy Expo, St. Cloud Civic Center, St. Cloud, MN. Contact: Eir Garcia-Silva, MMPA, 763-355-9697 or Jim Salfer, U of M Extension, 320-203-6093.

10 - Minnesota Dairy Leaders Roundtable Meeting (12:30-3:00 p.m.) - in conjunction with the Midwest Dairy Expo - St. Cloud Civic Center, St. Cloud, MN. Contact: Ed Frederick, 507-835-3422.

10 - Minnesota Cattle Feeder Day (9:30-2:00 p.m.), Slayton, MN. For more information, visit the Beef Team website.

11 - Minnesota Cattle Feeder Day (9:30-2:00 p.m.), Lamberton, MN. For more information, visit the Beef Team website.

11 - Minnesota Cattle Feeder Day (5:30-9:00 p.m.), Rochester, MN. For more information, visit the Beef Team website.

11 - Farm Transfer and Estate Planning workshop (9:30 a.m.-3:30 p.m.), Cologne, MN. Contact: Laura Kieser, 952-492-5410.

16-17 - Gold Medal Panel on Cellulitis in Turkeys, Park Plaza Hotel, Bloomington, MN. Contact: MN Turkey Research and Promotion Council, 763-682-2171.

18 - WinterFest, Department of Animal Science, 365 Haecker Hall, St. Paul Campus.

20 - End of Fall Term
  

- January 2009 -

19 - Martin Luther King Holiday - U of M-Twin Cities is closed

20 - Spring Semester classes begin

29 - I-29 Dairy Conference "Going Green in a Black & White World: Understanding Sustainability and the Opportunities for Our Dairy Farms and Industry", Best Western Ramkota Inn, Sioux Falls, SD. Contact: Chris Mondak, ISU Extension, 712-737-4230.

31 - Winter Regional Horse Owner Program, St. Paul, MN. Contact: Krishona Martinson, 612-625-6776.
  

- February 2009 -

9 - U of M Job and Internship Fair (10:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m.), Minneapolis Convention Center. Free. Transportation available (free shuttle buses from the Minneapolis and St. Paul campuses).

12-13 - Swine Wean to Finish Training Course, Southern ROC, Waseca, MN. Contact: Mark Whitney, 507-389-5541.

16 - Carver County/U of M Dairy Expo, Norwood-Young America, MN. Contact: Laura Kieser, 952-492-5410.

21 - Winter Regional Horse Owner Program, River Falls, WI. Contact: Krishona Martinson, 612-625-6776.
 

- March 2009 -

14 - Winter Regional Horse Owner Program, Ottertail, MN. Contact: Krishona Martinson, 612-625-6776.