University of Minnesota

Dairy Initiatives

Dairy

Department of Animal Science

D A I R Y   I n i t i a t i v e s   N E W S L E T T E R
V o l u m e   9      I s s u e   1     Winter   2 0 0 0

Keep Moving Ahead

JEFFREY K. RENEAU
Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota

 

Where am I going? Backsliding? Staying even? Or moving ahead?

These nagging questions apply not only to our personal lives, but also to the dairy business. Too often it seems like we progress "two steps forward, one step back." If only we could find a way to make consistent, continuous progress toward our goals.

Over the past 50 years a man named W. Edwards Deming revolutionized thinking on how manufacturing businesses can make continuous progress by changing management attitudes and focusing on continuous improvement of processes. Can Deming's principles help dairies? We believe they can.

To apply Deming's principles to your operation, start by thinking of the dairy as a series of processes working together to produce a product. Each process involves a series of tasks, each of which affects the outcome. For example, each task in the milking process can affect the quantity and quality of milk produced.

Next, set an attainable goal (Deming calls it a "performance target") and develop a plan of action to improve the process(es) involved until the goal is reached.

Once you reach the goal, keep monitoring the process to make sure it is stable and predictable. If you decide further improvement is needed, reset the goal, redesign the process, and make adjustments until the new goal is reached and the process is once again stable.

Deming points out that all processes fall into one of four states:

The Ideal State

  • The process is in control
  • The performance target is being met 100%

The Threshold State

  • The process is in control
  • The performance target is not met 100% of the time

The Brink of Chaos

  • The process is out of control
  • The performance target is being met 100%

The State of Chaos

  • The process is out of control
  • The performance target is not being met

It probably would be impossible to find a livestock operation with all of its processes in the "ideal state." However, the best farms will have proportionately more processes in the "ideal state" and fewer in the "state of chaos" than poorly managed farms. The goal is to move each process toward the "ideal state."

Unfortunately, as you no doubt have noticed, there is a universal force that causes deterioration, decay, and breakdown. This is called entropy. Turnover in employees, taking short cuts, wearing out of equipment, and running out of supplies are all examples of entropy. To prevent entropy from sending processes into the "state of chaos," you must continually look for and counteract its effects--repair and maintain equipment, train employees, and so on. The more proactive and consistent you are in doing so, the more likely it is that you will reach and maintain the "ideal state."

How does this work in real life? Say your bulk tank SCC has exceeded the legal limit and you have to lower the bulk tank SCC or lose your market. This is a "state of chaos." Your initial reaction is probably to become a chaos manager and get SCC down to legal limits as soon as possible. You identify chronically high SCC cows and cull some. For high SCC cows not culled, you milk the high SCC quarter into a quarter milker. You achieve your goal. You are happy and feel temporarily out of trouble.

But wait! Even though the milk now meets legal standards, the processes have not changed. You have only moved from a "state of chaos" to the "brink of chaos." Without a change in process, this herd is doomed to slip back into chaos and the cycle will continue. To move toward the "ideal state," you must change the processes that led to the "state of chaos." In this case, that probably means doing things like improving sanitation to reduce the incidence of mastitis in your herd.

Where are you going with your dairy business? Are you getting better? Worse? Or just staying even? Are you a "chaos manager," or do you continuously improve your dairy operation?

Continuous improvement can make your operation more pleasant, productive, and profitable. By breaking your production into steps . . . setting performance targets . . . creating and carrying out a plan to reach those targets . . . then continuously monitoring your operation to detect and deter the effects of entropy, you can reduce the time you spend in chaos and increase the time you find yourself achieving the "ideal state" for your dairy.


 

D A I R Y    I n i t i a t i v e s    N E W S L E T T E R
Volume 9     Issue 1    Winter 2000